Photo-Activated Disinfection or PAD

According to my clinical experience, the PAD Plus photo activated disinfection process is an effective technology to achieve consistent disinfection in root canal therapy. marrying the PAD technology with state of the art mechanical and chemical root canal preparation and disinfection technologies may raise the predictability of one session treatme... Read More

Professor Liviu Steier
England

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	Zanin (Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy 2005: 56, 324-330) demonstrates that both LED and HeNe laser light were effective at activating Toluidine Blue photosensitiser to kill S mutans in biofilms.
	Burns et al show that a range of oral bacteria are susceptible to the effect of light and a photosensitiser.
	William’s (Caries Res. 2003:37:190-193) shows that the reduction in bacterial load is proportional to energy density
	Bevilacqua (Photomedicine and Laser Surgery Volume 25, Number 6, 2007) investigates the effect of LED light and Toluidine Blue O on S mutans viability and shows substantial log reduction in bacterial load.
	Burns et al (J. Dent 1994,22, 273-278) demonstrate that an alternative to laser light can be as effective provided that the wavelength matches that of the photosensitiser.
	Giroldo (Laser Med. Sci. DOI 10.1007/s10103-0530-2) confirms the PAD™ process to be effective against C albicans.
	Zanin (Eur J Oral Sci 2006, 114:64-69) shows that bacterial load reduction in biofilms grown on enamel can be achieved with LED light sources and Toluidine Blue O.

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