Laboratory studies on various bacterial species

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	Zanin (Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy 2005: 56, 324-330) Article by Zanin I.C.J. et al Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy 2005. 56. 324-330. Demonstrates that the both LED and HeNe laser light were effective at activating Toluidine Blue photosensitiser to kill S mutans in biofilms
	Burns et al Paper by Burns T. et al Journal of Medical Microbiology 1993: 401-405. Shows that a range of oral bacteria are susceptible to the effect of light and photosensitiser combined.
	Williams (Caries Res. 2003:37:190-193) Article by Williams J. et al Caries Research. 2003. 37: 190-193. Shows increasing delivered energy density used in PADTM reduces bacterial load.
	Bevilacqua (Photomedicine and Laser Surgery Volume 25, Number 6, 2007) Paper by Bevilacqua I.M. et al Photomedicine and Laser Surgery. 2007. 25: 513-518. Demonstrates the effect of LED light and Toluidine Blue O on S mutans viability and shows substantial log reduction in bacterial load.
	Burns et al (J. Dent 1994,22, 273-278) Second paper by Burns T. et al Journal of Dentistry. 1994. 22: 273-278. Demonstrates high level bacterial kills need combination of light and photosensitiser matched.
	Giroldo (Laser Med. Sci. DOI 10.1007/s10103-007-0530-2) Paper by Giroldo L.M. et al Lasers in Medical Science 2008. 18: 45-52. Demonstrates that the PAD™ process is effective against C albicans
	Zanin (Eur J Oral Sci 2006, 114:64-69) Paper by Zanin I.C.J. et al European Journal of Oral Sciences. 2006. 114: 64-69. Shows that bacterial load reduction in biofi lms grown on enamel could be achieved with LED light sources and Toluidine Blue O